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Cumulative count of exchanges by region, from antiquity to the present
Watch financial exchanges appear across the globe, from antiquity to the present
The earliest commodity exchanges and merchant gathering places, from Mediterranean trading halls to northern European bourses.
The age of Antwerp, Amsterdam, and the birth of the stock exchange as an institution. The Dutch East India Company inaugurates the era of joint-stock trading.
Exchanges formalize across Europe and reach the Americas. London's Jonathan's Coffee House becomes the Stock Exchange; New York traders meet under a buttonwood tree.
Railroads, telegraphs, and industrialization drive the proliferation of exchanges. Grand neoclassical buildings assert the dignity of commerce.
The peak era of exchange architecture. Beaux-Arts palaces, Gothic revival halls, and Art Nouveau masterpieces celebrate global capitalism's confidence.
Art Deco skyscrapers and modernist designs reflect both the ambition and turbulence of the era between the world wars.
Decolonization and development bring new exchanges across Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Modernist architecture predominates.
Electronic trading transforms the exchange from a physical place to a virtual network, even as new markets continue to open worldwide.