This site requires authorization to access.
To request access, contact
william.goetzmann@yale.edu
From the bazaars of Istanbul to the contemporary towers of the Gulf states, these exchanges bridge ancient commercial traditions and modern global finance.
| Exchange | City | Country | Established | Style |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Merchant Quarter of Ur (Area AH) | Ur | Iraq | c. 2000 BCE | Old Babylonian merchant quarter |
| Karum Kanesh | Kültepe | Turkey | c. 1950 BCE | Old Assyrian commercial colony |
| Ugarit: The Grand-place and the Merchant Quarter | Ugarit (Ras Shamra) | Syria | c. 1400 BCE | Late Bronze Age merchant quarter and harbor |
| Commercial Harbor of Carthage | Carthage | Tunisia | c. 814 BCE | Phoenician-Punic commercial harbor and agora |
| House of Egibi | Babylon | Iraq | c. 606 BCE | Neo-Babylonian banking house |
| Samarkand Sogdian Trading Quarter (Afrasiab) | Samarkand | Uzbekistan | c. 500 BCE | Sogdian commercial city |
| Commercial Agora of Ephesus | Ephesus | Turkey | 3rd century BC | Hellenistic/Roman Agora |
| Fustat Commercial Quarter | Fustat (Old Cairo) | Egypt | c. 10th century CE | Fatimid-era commercial quarter |
| Alexandria Funduqs and Flax Market | Alexandria | Egypt | c. 10th century CE | Medieval Mediterranean port with funduq system |
| Aden Customs House (Al-Furda) | Aden | Yemen | c. 11th century CE | Medieval Arabian port and customs complex |
| Isfahan Moneychangers' Bazaar (Qaysariyya) | Isfahan | Iran | 1052 | Safavid-Islamic |
| Aleppo Souks (Al-Madina Souq) | Aleppo | Syria | c. 13th century CE | Mamluk/Ottoman covered market complex |
| Tabriz Grand Bazaar | Tabriz | Iran | 13th century | Persian-Islamic bazaar complex |
| Galata Financial District | Istanbul | Turkey | 1261 | Genoese Medieval / Ottoman Revivalism |
| Khan Mirjan (Khan al-Mirjan / Khan Murjan) | Baghdad | Iraq | 1359 (Jalayirid) | Jalayirid / Islamic medieval brick architecture |
| Grand Bazaar (Kapalıçarşı) and the Cevahir Bedesten | Istanbul | Turkey | 1455/56 | Ottoman classical (masonry bedesten / vaulted covered market) |
| Toqi Sarrofon (Dome of the Money-Changers) | Bukhara | Uzbekistan | 1534 | Timurid-Shaybanid domed bazaar |
| Kızlarağası Han (Kemeraltı Bazaar) | İzmir (Smyrna) | Turkey | 1744 | Ottoman caravanserai (han) with bedesten |
| Khan As'ad Pasha | Damascus | Syria | 1751–1752 | Ottoman provincial architecture with Damascene ablaq masonry |
| Istanbul Stock Exchange (Borsa İstanbul) | Istanbul | Turkey | 1866 | Late Ottoman |
| Alexandria Stock Exchange | Alexandria | Egypt | 1883 | Neoclassical |
| İzmir Commodity Exchange (İzmir Ticaret Borsası), Borsa Sarayı | İzmir (Smyrna) | Turkey | 1891 | First National Architecture (Birinci Ulusal Mimarlık) |
| Cairo Stock Exchange | Cairo | Egypt | 1903 | Art Nouveau / Neoclassical |
| Beirut Stock Exchange | Beirut | Lebanon | 1920 | French Mandate-era |
| Casablanca Stock Exchange (Bourse de Casablanca) | Casablanca | Morocco | 1929 | Art Deco |
| Tel Aviv Stock Exchange | Tel Aviv | Israel | 1953 | Corporate Modernism |
| Tehran Stock Exchange | Tehran | Iran | 1967 | Modernist (original Glass Hall); Contemporary (new building) |
| Souk al-Manakh | Kuwait City | Kuwait | 1978 | Brutalist commercial (parking garage) |
| Bahrain Bourse | Manama | Bahrain | 1987 | Modern Islamic |
| Muscat Securities Market (MSM) | Muscat | Oman | 1988 | Modern Arabic |
| Qatar Stock Exchange (QSE) | Doha | Qatar | 1995 | Contemporary Gulf |
| Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) | Amman | Jordan | 1999 | Modernist Institutional |
| Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX) | Abu Dhabi | UAE | 2000 | Contemporary Gulf Modernism |